The problem with getting this done is tied up in what Aviel brought up in another thread about the Republicans gerrymandering control of the House. The 2009 stimulus did do some good, but it was way too small, and spent way too much on tax cuts. Obama wants more stimulus (though again not nearly enough), but of course we won't get it, because any money he asks for will be taken out of the budget by the House Republicans, if not the Senate.
The problem isn't general political resistance to infrastructure spending. Infrastructure used to pass easily, because politicians generally like to be able to point to things when asked by voters what they've done, and infrastructure projects provide nice, tangible things to point at.
The Problem is that the Republican Party has decided that it's better for them to derail any attempt at governance by the Democrats and make them look ineffective than to have bridges to point at, since they've gerrymandered their way into districts where their only electoral risk is a primary challenge.
Until we solve the Problem, or the Republican base starts demanding infrastructure spending, we'll get nothing.